Saudi Arabia Unveiled: My Decade of Desert Adventures
The first time I landed at King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, I was utterly unprepared for what awaited me. The blast of dry heat hit me like a wall as I stepped off the plane, and I remember thinking, “What have I gotten myself into?” Ten visits later, Saudi Arabia has transformed from an intimidating mystery into one of my favorite destinations in the Middle East. The country has changed dramatically since my first visit in 2015, and in 2025, it’s more accessible and visitor-friendly than ever before.
This cheat sheet compiles everything I wish someone had told me before my first trip – from navigating the complex cultural expectations to finding those hidden gems that most tourists miss. Saudi Arabia isn’t just about endless deserts and oil wealth; it’s a land of surprising diversity, rich heritage, and genuinely warm hospitality that has touched me deeply over the years.
Whether you’re visiting for business, religious pilgrimage, or pure adventure, this guide will help you navigate this fascinating kingdom with confidence in 2025.
Essential Travel Information for Saudi Arabia in 2025
Visa Requirements and Entry Procedures
Saudi Arabia’s visa policy has undergone a radical transformation. The tourist e-visa introduced in 2019 has expanded to cover 57 countries in 2025, making it much easier to visit than during my early trips when getting a visa was a bureaucratic nightmare.
- Tourist e-Visa: Available online through the Visit Saudi portal for 500 SAR (approximately $133). Valid for one year with multiple entries and stays up to 90 days.
- Business Visa: Requires an invitation from a Saudi company.
- Umrah Visa: For those visiting Mecca and Medina for religious purposes.
- Transit Visa: Free 96-hour visa for travelers with layovers.
Pro Tip: Take a screenshot of your e-visa approval. During my visit last year, the immigration system was temporarily down, and having the offline copy saved me hours of waiting.
Best Time to Visit Saudi Arabia
I’ve visited Saudi Arabia during different seasons, and timing can make or break your experience. Summer temperatures regularly exceed 50°C (122°F) in many regions, which I learned the hard way during my July visit to Riyadh when I nearly fainted exploring the Al Masmak Fortress!
| Season | Months | Temperature | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winter | November-February | 10-25°C (50-77°F) | Perfect weather, festivals | Peak tourist season, higher prices |
| Spring | March-April | 15-35°C (59-95°F) | Wildflowers in northern regions | Occasional sandstorms |
| Summer | May-September | 35-50°C+ (95-122°F+) | Fewer tourists, discounts | Extremely hot, limited outdoor activities |
| Fall | October | 20-35°C (68-95°F) | Pleasant weather, fewer crowds | Some seasonal businesses still closed |
For most travelers, I recommend visiting between November and February for the most comfortable climate, though pricing will be higher. October and March offer a good balance of pleasant weather and value.
Getting Around Saudi Arabia
Transportation in Saudi Arabia has improved dramatically since my first visit, but still presents unique challenges.
Between Cities:
- Flights: Saudi Airlines, Flynas, and Flyadeal offer extensive domestic networks. I’ve found Flynas to consistently offer the best value.
- Trains: The Saudi Railway Company operates comfortable trains between major cities. The Haramain High-Speed Railway between Mecca, Jeddah, and Medina is excellent and reaches speeds of 300 km/h.
- Buses: SAPTCO runs intercity buses that are affordable but time-consuming.
Within Cities:
In 2025, ride-hailing apps are the most convenient option for visitors:
- Uber and Careem: Widely available and relatively affordable.
- Public buses: Available but often confusing for tourists without Arabic language skills.
- Metro: Riyadh’s metro system has finally opened all lines in 2025 and is an excellent way to avoid traffic.
- Car rental: Possible with an international driving permit, but I don’t recommend this for first-time visitors. Saudi driving culture can be extremely aggressive and stressful!
Money-saving insider tip: Download the Careem app before arrival and look for promotional codes online. I regularly find 30-40% discount codes that aren’t advertised to tourists.
Cultural Insights and Etiquette
Understanding Saudi cultural norms will enhance your experience tremendously. The kingdom has relaxed many strict rules since 2019’s tourism push, but certain expectations remain.
Dress Code Evolution
During my first visit in 2015, dress codes were strictly enforced by the religious police. In 2025, things are much more relaxed, but respectful dress is still expected:
- Women: No longer legally required to wear abayas (full-length robes) or cover their hair, but modest dress is expected. I recommend loose-fitting clothes covering shoulders and knees. In more conservative areas like Riyadh, I still opt for an abaya out of respect.
- Men: Should avoid shorts in public places and wear pants and sleeved shirts.
The dress code varies significantly by location. Jeddah and NEOM are notably more relaxed than Riyadh or religious sites. When visiting Mecca or Medina (which are only open to Muslims), stricter dress codes apply.
Personal experience: During my 2023 visit, I wore linen pants and a loose long-sleeved top in Riyadh’s malls without an abaya and felt completely comfortable. However, in smaller towns, I received uncomfortable stares when dressed the same way.
Gender Segregation and Social Norms
Saudi Arabia has traditionally maintained strict gender segregation in public spaces. While this has relaxed significantly:
- Many restaurants no longer have separate “family” and “singles” (men-only) sections
- Public transportation is mixed-gender
- Woman can now drive (since 2018)
- Physical contact between unrelated men and women (including handshakes) is still best avoided
Essential Arabic Phrases
English is widely spoken in tourist areas and by younger Saudis, but learning a few Arabic phrases will enrich your experience:
- Assalamu alaikum (ah-sah-lam-u ah-lay-kum) – Peace be upon you (greeting)
- Wa alaikum assalam (wah ah-lay-kum ah-sah-lam) – And upon you peace (reply)
- Shukran (shook-ran) – Thank you
- Afwan (af-wan) – You’re welcome
- Ma’a salama (ma-ah sah-lah-mah) – Goodbye
- Kam thalika? (kam thah-lee-kah) – How much is this?
- La shukran (lah shook-ran) – No thank you
- Mumtaz (mum-taz) – Excellent
One of my favorite phrases is “Allah y’atik al’afiya” (Allah yah-teek al-ah-fee-yah), which literally means “May God give you health” but is used to say “thank you for your effort.” Using this phrase with service workers always earns me a surprised smile!
Money Matters: Budgeting for Saudi Arabia
Currency and Payment Methods
Saudi Arabia uses the Saudi Riyal (SAR), which has maintained a fixed exchange rate of approximately 3.75 SAR to 1 USD for years. In 2025:
- Credit cards are widely accepted in cities and tourist areas
- Apple Pay and Samsung Pay are increasingly common
- ATMs are plentiful in urban areas
- Always carry some cash for taxis, small shops, and emergencies
Insider tip: Notify your bank before traveling to Saudi Arabia. I’ve had cards blocked multiple times despite having travel notifications because Saudi Arabia triggers extra security measures with some banks.
Cost of Living and Expenses
Saudi Arabia is not a budget destination, but it’s not as expensive as many assume. Here’s what to expect in 2025:
| Expense | Budget | Mid-range | Luxury |
|---|---|---|---|
| Accommodation (per night) | 150-300 SAR ($40-80) | 300-600 SAR ($80-160) | 600+ SAR ($160+) |
| Meal | 15-40 SAR ($4-11) | 40-100 SAR ($11-27) | 100+ SAR ($27+) |
| Transportation (urban ride) | 15-30 SAR ($4-8) | 30-50 SAR ($8-13) | 50+ SAR ($13+) |
| Attraction entry | 0-50 SAR ($0-13) | 50-100 SAR ($13-27) | 100+ SAR ($27+) |
Money-Saving Insider Tips
- Tax refund for tourists: Saudi Arabia introduced VAT (15%) refunds for tourists in 2020. Save your receipts from major retailers and claim refunds at airport kiosks before departure. I received back over 800 SAR on my last trip!
- Eat where the locals eat: Skip hotel restaurants and tourist traps. In Riyadh, the restaurants along Tahlia Street are trendy but overpriced. Instead, head to Al Bathaa or Al Murabba neighborhoods for authentic Saudi cuisine at half the price.
- Visit during Ramadan: While opening hours are reduced during the day, hotels and flights are significantly cheaper, and the nighttime atmosphere is incredible. Just be respectful by not eating or drinking in public during daylight hours.
- Use the Entertainer app: This discount app offers buy-one-get-one-free deals at hundreds of restaurants and attractions across Saudi Arabia. The subscription cost (~$100/year) pays for itself in 2-3 uses.
- Free museum days: Many museums offer free entry on specific days. The National Museum in Riyadh, for example, is free on Thursdays.
Must-Visit Destinations in Saudi Arabia for 2025
Riyadh: The Modern Capital
Riyadh has transformed dramatically since my first visit. Once a rather dull business destination, it’s now developing a vibrant cultural scene.
Don’t Miss:
- Diriyah Gate: The birthplace of the Saudi state has been developed into an impressive cultural district, showcasing traditional Najdi architecture alongside modern amenities.
- Edge of the World (Jebel Fihrayn): This dramatic escarpment about 90km from Riyadh offers breathtaking views over an ancient sea bed. In 2025, the new visitor facilities make it much more accessible than when I first visited and had to navigate with a 4×4 and local guide.
- King Abdulaziz Historical Center: Houses the National Museum, which provides an excellent introduction to Saudi history and culture.
Jeddah: The Red Sea Gateway
Jeddah has always been my favorite Saudi city. More relaxed and cosmopolitan than Riyadh, it offers a blend of historical charm and seaside living.
Don’t Miss:
- Al-Balad (Old Town): A UNESCO World Heritage site with stunning coral stone buildings and traditional architecture. The merchant houses like Nasif House showcase the city’s trading history.
- Jeddah Corniche: Recently renovated, this 30km waterfront features the world’s tallest fountain, beaches, and numerous restaurants.
- Jeddah Season: If visiting between December and January, this annual festival transforms the city with events, concerts, and activities.
AlUla: The Ancient Oasis
AlUla has gone from a hidden gem to Saudi Arabia’s crown jewel of tourism. This ancient oasis city houses Hegra (Madain Saleh), Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage site.
During my first visit in 2018, accessing AlUla required special permits. Now, it’s been developed with world-class facilities while preserving its archaeological significance.
Don’t Miss:
- Hegra: Think Petra but less crowded – these Nabatean tombs carved into rock formations are breathtaking.
- Elephant Rock: This natural formation looks remarkably like an elephant with its trunk touching the ground, especially beautiful at sunset.
- Old Town of AlUla: A 12th-century mud-brick city that’s being carefully restored.
- Maraya Concert Hall: The world’s largest mirrored building, reflecting the stunning desert landscape.
Personal experience: I visited AlUla during the Winter at Tantora festival in early 2023, when the nighttime temperatures dropped to near freezing. Despite packing for desert heat, I ended up buying overpriced sweatshirts at the gift shop! Check seasonal variations even within winter months.
The Red Sea Project and NEOM
Saudi Arabia’s ambitious developments along the Red Sea coast are partially open in 2025, offering a glimpse into the kingdom’s tourism future.
The Red Sea Project’s first phase opened in late 2023, with luxury resorts on pristine islands focusing on sustainability. NEOM’s initial residential areas and THE LINE are under construction, but some zones are accessible to visitors.
These projects represent Saudi Arabia’s vision for diversifying beyond oil, though they come with controversy regarding environmental impact and displacement of local communities.
Food and Dining: A Saudi Culinary Guide
Traditional Saudi Dishes You Must Try
Saudi cuisine varies by region but shares influences from across the Arab world. Some essential dishes:
- Kabsa: The national dish – spiced rice with meat (usually chicken or lamb), nuts, and raisins. Every family has their own recipe, but the best I’ve had was at Al Orjouan restaurant in Riyadh.
- Mandi: Meat and rice cooked in an underground pit, giving it a smoky flavor.
- Mutabbaq: Stuffed pancakes filled with meat, vegetables, or banana and honey for a sweet version.
- Jareesh: Cracked wheat cooked with meat and yogurt – a traditional dish rarely found in restaurants but worth seeking out.
- Saudi Coffee (Qahwa): Lightly roasted coffee spiced with cardamom, often served with dates. The ritual of coffee serving is an important part of Saudi hospitality.
Sensory experience: The aroma of Saudi coffee brewing is something I’ll never forget – slightly floral from the cardamom with none of the bitterness of Western coffee. It’s traditionally served in small cups without handles and refilled until you shake the cup to indicate you’re finished.
Dining Etiquette and Tips
- Traditional Saudi meals are often eaten sitting on the floor using the right hand only.
- In restaurants, Western-style seating and cutlery are common.
- Tipping (5-10%) is appreciated but not mandatory.
- During Ramadan, restaurants close during daylight hours but offer lavish iftar (breaking fast) buffets after sunset.
- Alcohol is prohibited throughout Saudi Arabia, including in hotels and restaurants.
My biggest dining mistake was assuming all Saudi food would be similar. The coastal cuisine of Jeddah features fresh seafood with different spice profiles than the hearty Najdi dishes of the central region. Eastern Province cuisine shows Persian influences, while southern regions like Asir feature distinct dishes you won’t find elsewhere.
Practical Information for a Smooth Trip
Internet and Communication
Saudi Arabia has excellent cellular coverage and internet infrastructure:
- SIM Cards: Available at the airport from STC, Mobily, and Zain. I recommend STC for the best coverage. A tourist SIM with data costs around 100-200 SAR ($27-53).
- WiFi: Available in most hotels, cafes, and malls.
- VPN: While not officially banned, some VoIP and messaging apps may be restricted. A VPN can help, though some VPN services themselves are blocked.
Money-saving tip: Instead of buying a tourist SIM at the airport where prices are inflated, head to any shopping mall where you’ll find all major providers offering better deals with more data.
Safety and Security
Despite regional tensions, Saudi Arabia is remarkably safe for visitors:
- Violent crime rates are very low
- Petty theft is uncommon
- Women travelers generally report feeling safe, even when alone
- The greatest risks are traffic accidents and extreme heat
That said, always respect local laws, which can be strict. Public demonstrations are forbidden, photography of government buildings is restricted, and penalties for drug offenses are severe.
Healthcare and Emergency Services
- Emergency number: 997 for ambulance, 999 for police
- Hospitals: Major cities have excellent private hospitals with English-speaking staff
- Pharmacies: Widely available and well-stocked
- Health insurance: Mandatory for all visitors since 2022
Weather Preparation and Packing Tips
The extreme climate demands specific packing considerations:
- High-SPF sunscreen (the desert sun is intense)
- Reusable water bottle (staying hydrated is crucial)
- Light, modest clothing in breathable fabrics
- Scarf/pashmina for women (useful for extra coverage when needed)
- Comfortable walking shoes (sandstone sites like AlUla are rough on footwear)
During my second trip, I made the mistake of bringing only lightweight clothes even though I was visiting in December. Desert nights can be surprisingly cold (sometimes near freezing), so always pack at least one warm layer regardless of season.
Sustainability and Responsible Tourism
Environmental Challenges and Solutions
Saudi Arabia faces significant environmental challenges, including water scarcity, desertification, and high carbon emissions. As a visitor, you can reduce your impact:
- Water conservation: Take short showers and reuse hotel towels
- Refuse single-use plastics: Plastic pollution is a growing problem in Saudi cities and coastal areas
- Choose eco-conscious tours: Operators like Hike KSA emphasize leave-no-trace principles
- Support businesses with sustainable practices: Some new developments like Red Sea Project and NEOM emphasize sustainability
Cultural Preservation and Respect
Saudi Arabia is balancing rapid modernization with cultural preservation:
- Support local artisans and businesses
- Respect historical and archaeological sites
- Ask permission before photographing locals
- Learn about Bedouin culture and traditions beyond stereotypes
Money-saving sustainability tip: Carry a reusable water bottle with a built-in filter. Tap water in Saudi cities is generally safe but doesn’t taste great. A filter bottle saves money on bottled water while reducing plastic waste.
Your 5-Step Action Plan for Saudi Arabia in 2025
After multiple visits and countless mistakes, here’s my recommended approach for making the most of your Saudi Arabian adventure:
- Apply for your e-visa early (at least 2 weeks before travel) and download the Tawakkalna app, Saudi’s health/ID app that’s still useful for some venue access in 2025.
- Build your itinerary strategically – start in Riyadh to understand modern Saudi culture, then visit historical sites like AlUla, ending in the more relaxed atmosphere of Jeddah.
- Connect with locals through platforms like Couchsurfing or Meetup – Saudi hospitality is legendary, and having a local friend will transform your experience.
- Prepare for cultural adjustments by downloading offline maps, translation apps, and researching prayer times (as some businesses close briefly during prayers).
- Allow buffer days in your schedule for unexpected opportunities – some of my most memorable experiences in Saudi Arabia happened when plans changed and I followed suggestions from new Saudi friends.
My biggest travel mistake was overscheduling my first trip. Saudi Arabia operates at a different pace, and the most rewarding moments often come from unplanned experiences – like being invited to a traditional dinner by someone I met at a coffee shop, or discovering a desert rose formation with a local guide who took a detour “just because.”
Frequently Asked Questions About Saudi Arabia Travel
Is Saudi Arabia safe for solo female travelers?
Yes, Saudi Arabia is generally very safe for solo female travelers. The crime rate is low, and harassment is not common. However, women should dress modestly and be aware of cultural norms. In my experience, Saudi women are often eager to connect with foreign women visitors and can be incredibly helpful guides to navigating local customs.
Can non-Muslims visit Mecca and Medina?
No, non-Muslims cannot visit Mecca and the central areas of Medina containing the Prophet’s Mosque. These holy cities are restricted to Muslims only, and checkpoints on roads leading to Mecca will verify religious status. However, non-Muslims can visit other parts of the Medina region outside the sacred areas.
Is alcohol available in Saudi Arabia?
No, alcohol is completely prohibited throughout Saudi Arabia, including in hotels and restaurants catering to foreigners. This prohibition is strictly enforced. During my visits, I’ve enjoyed exploring the variety of fresh juices, Arabic coffee, and specialty teas that form the backbone of Saudi social drinking culture.
What should I do during prayer times?
During the five daily prayer times, many shops and restaurants close for 20-30 minutes. In 2025, this practice is less strict than it once was, particularly in malls and tourist areas where some establishments remain open. If you’re inside a business when prayer time begins, you can usually stay, but new customers may not be allowed to enter until prayers conclude.
Do I need a guide to visit Saudi Arabia?
A guide is not mandatory for general tourism in Saudi Arabia, but for certain attractions like AlUla’s Hegra, guided tours are required. For first-time visitors, I recommend hiring a guide for at least part of your trip, as they provide valuable cultural context and can help navigate language barriers in less touristy areas.
How conservative is Saudi Arabia in 2025?
Saudi Arabia has liberalized significantly since 2019, but remains conservative by Western standards. Public displays of affection should be avoided, modest dress is expected, and religious practices are taken seriously. The level of conservatism varies dramatically by region – Jeddah and tourism projects like the Red Sea development are notably more relaxed than interior cities.
What’s the status of LGBTQ+ travelers in Saudi Arabia?
Same-sex relationships remain illegal in Saudi Arabia. LGBTQ+ travelers typically visit without incident by being discreet about their relationships and avoiding public displays of affection (which are discouraged for all couples). The situation is evolving, but extreme caution and research are advised for LGBTQ+ travelers considering a visit.
References and Additional Resources
- Visit Saudi – Official tourism website with updated information on attractions and events
- U.S. Department of State – Saudi Arabia Travel Advisory – Current safety information and travel advisories
- Saudia Airlines – National airline with domestic and international connections
- Experience AlUla – Comprehensive guide to visiting the AlUla region
- Diriyah Gate Development Authority – Information about the historic Diriyah restoration project
- Blue Abaya – Long-running blog about life in Saudi Arabia with excellent travel tips
- Saudi Seasons – Calendar of festivals and events throughout the kingdom
- The Red Sea Project – Details on Saudi Arabia’s ambitious sustainable tourism development
- NEOM – Information about the futuristic city project in northwest Saudi Arabia
- Smithsonian Magazine: Ancient Sites of Saudi Arabia – In-depth look at Saudi archaeological treasures
- World Nomads Saudi Arabia Safety Guide – Practical safety information for travelers
- Lonely Planet Saudi Arabia – Trusted travel information and itineraries
Remember that Saudi Arabia is changing rapidly, and information can quickly become outdated. These resources should give you a solid foundation, but always verify details closer to your travel date.