20 Unmissable Things To Do in Sudan in 2025: A Traveler’s Ultimate Guide

Introduction: Why Sudan Should Be On Your 2025 Travel List

I’ll never forget the moment I stood alone among the pyramids of Meroe, the golden desert stretching endlessly before me, with not another tourist in sight. The sun was setting, casting long shadows across ancient stones that have witnessed millennia pass, yet remain virtually unknown to most travelers. That’s when it hit me – Sudan might be the most underrated destination in Africa, possibly the world.

After six visits spanning over a decade, I’ve watched Sudan slowly open its doors to tourism, yet it remains authentic and untouched in ways that are increasingly rare in our hyper-connected world. While political challenges have made headlines, the warmth of Sudanese hospitality, the country’s archaeological treasures, and its diverse landscapes continue to captivate the adventurous few who make the journey.

This guide draws from my personal experiences traveling throughout Sudan, with the most recent visit in late 2024. I’ve made plenty of mistakes along the way (like the time I tried to photograph a military installation without realizing it – more on that later), but those missteps have made me a more informed traveler. Let me share what I’ve learned to help you create a truly memorable Sudanese adventure in 2025.

Essential Travel Information for Sudan in 2025

Before diving into the experiences that await you in Sudan, let’s cover some practical information that will help you plan your trip effectively.

Visa Requirements and Recent Changes

As of 2025, most visitors need to obtain a visa before traveling to Sudan. The process has become more streamlined since 2023, but still requires some planning:

• Tourist visas typically cost around $100 USD and can be obtained through Sudanese embassies or consulates
• You’ll need a letter of invitation from a Sudanese tour operator or hotel
• Processing times range from 3-15 business days depending on your country of residence
• Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your planned departure date

Insider Tip: I’ve found that applying through the Sudanese embassy in Cairo or Addis Ababa tends to be faster than in Western countries. If you’re planning a multi-country trip, consider this route.

Best Time to Visit Sudan

Sudan’s climate can be extremely harsh, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 45°C (113°F) in many regions. Plan your visit during the cooler months:

Season	Months	Advantages	Disadvantages
Optimal	November to February	Pleasant temperatures, clear skies	Peak tourist season (though still uncrowded)
Shoulder	March to April, October	Fewer tourists, good deals	Can be hot during daylight hours
Avoid	May to September	Very few tourists	Extreme heat, sandstorms, limited activities

I learned this lesson the hard way during my second visit in July 2018 when I stubbornly insisted on exploring the Western Desert. The 50°C heat was genuinely dangerous, and several sites were simply inaccessible. Don’t repeat my mistake!

Currency and Budget Considerations

Sudan uses the Sudanese Pound (SDG), and the economic situation remains fluid in 2025. As of my last visit:

• Bring USD or EUR in cash – clean, newer bills without tears or significant marks
• ATMs rarely work with international cards, and credit cards are rarely accepted
• Budget travelers can get by on 60-80 USD per day including accommodation, food and local transportation
• Mid-range travelers should expect to spend 100-150 USD daily
• Multi-day desert excursions with guides start at around 200 USD per day

Money-Saving Tip: The official exchange rate and the black market rate can differ significantly. While I don’t actively encourage breaking any laws, be aware that many travelers find better rates exchanging small amounts through trusted hotel staff or tour guides. In 2024, this could mean getting 15-20% more for your money. Always count your money carefully and start with small exchanges until you find a trustworthy source.

20 Unforgettable Experiences in Sudan for 2025

1. Marvel at the Pyramids of Meroe

The ancient pyramids of Meroe stand in Sudan’s northern desert – over 200 steep-sided pyramids that served as royal tombs for the Kushite kings and queens. Unlike their Egyptian counterparts, you’ll often have these entirely to yourself.

The entrance fee is 1000 SDG (about $16 USD), and I recommend visiting either early morning or late afternoon when the light bathes the sandstone in a golden glow. Bring plenty of water and sun protection – there’s virtually no shade.

When I visited in November 2024, I arranged with my driver to arrive at 4:30 PM, about 90 minutes before sunset. The light was magical, and the few other visitors had already left. The caretaker allowed me to stay until after sunset for an additional $5 tip – worth every penny for the experience of watching the stars appear above these ancient monuments.

2. Explore Old Khartoum and the Confluence of the Niles

Khartoum, Sudan’s capital, sits at the magnificent confluence of the Blue and White Nile rivers. Start your exploration of the city at Al-Mogran, where you can clearly see the two rivers meeting – the Blue Nile’s darker waters joining the lighter White Nile.

In Old Khartoum, don’t miss:

• The National Museum of Sudan – Houses an impressive collection of artifacts from Sudan’s ancient civilizations, including items rescued during the construction of the Aswan High Dam
• The Presidential Palace – Where General Gordon was killed during the Mahdist War
• Omdurman Souq – One of North Africa’s largest traditional markets

Local Phrase: “Shukran jaziilan” (شكرا جزيلا) means “thank you very much” in Arabic. Using even simple phrases will immediately warm locals to you.

3. Witness the Whirling Dervishes Ceremony in Omdurman

Every Friday around 4:00 PM at the Hamed el-Nil Tomb in Omdurman, followers of the Sufi Qadiriyah order gather for a mesmerizing ritual. Dancers in green and red robes spin to the rhythm of drums until reaching spiritual ecstasy.

This is a religious ceremony, not a tourist spectacle, so dress conservatively and be respectful when taking photographs. I’ve found that asking permission with gestures and offering a small donation (200-300 SDG) afterward is appreciated.

The first time I attended in 2017, I made the mistake of positioning myself too close to the ceremony. A friendly participant gently guided me to a better viewing spot and explained that the inner circle needs to remain open for those participating in the ritual. The mixture of hypnotic drumming, swirling robes, and the scent of incense creates an atmosphere unlike anything I’ve experienced elsewhere.

4. Dive into Sudan’s Red Sea Treasures

Sudan’s Red Sea coast offers world-class diving with far fewer visitors than neighboring Egypt. The waters around Port Sudan feature pristine reefs, an abundance of marine life, and several noteworthy wreck dives including the Blue Belt and Umbria, a 150-meter Italian ship sunk during WWII.

Reputable diving operators include:

• Red Sea Divers Sudan
• Red Sea Safaris

A full-day dive trip costs around 150-200 USD including equipment rental. Plan to spend at least 3-4 days in the region if diving is a priority.

Money-Saving Tip: Book a package that includes accommodation and multiple dives rather than individual trips. I saved nearly 30% by booking a 4-day/3-night package with Red Sea Divers Sudan in 2024.

5. Camp in the Nubian Desert

The Nubian Desert offers one of Sudan’s most profound experiences. Far from light pollution, under stars so bright they seem artificial, you’ll experience a silence and solitude that’s increasingly rare in our world.

Most desert camping experiences are arranged through tour operators and include:

1. Transportation in 4×4 vehicles
2. Camping equipment
3. Food and water
4. Experienced guides who know the desert

Expect to pay 150-200 USD per person per day for a guided desert camping experience. While not cheap, the value lies in the expertise of guides who know how to navigate safely and find the most spectacular camping spots.

Local Phrase: “Bukra inshallah” (بكرة إن شاء الله) literally means “tomorrow, God willing” but is used to convey the more relaxed approach to time and planning in Sudanese culture.

6. Visit the Ancient City of Kerma

Kerma, located near the third cataract of the Nile, was one of Africa’s earliest urban centers, dating back 5,500 years. The site features the Western Deffufa, a massive mud-brick temple that stands 19 meters tall – the largest ancient building in sub-Saharan Africa.

Don’t miss the excellent Kerma Museum, designed by Swiss architect Charles Bonnet, which houses artifacts discovered during excavations. The entrance fee is 800 SDG (approximately $13 USD).

7. Wander Through the Ghost Town of Old Dongola

Old Dongola was once the capital of the medieval Christian kingdom of Makuria. Today, its atmospheric ruins include several churches converted to mosques, a throne hall, and collapsed houses spread across the desert landscape.

The site is approximately 500 km north of Khartoum, and while there’s no formal entrance fee, expect to pay a small donation (around 500 SDG) to the caretaker. Allow at least 2-3 hours to explore properly.

I visited in early 2024 and had the entire site to myself. The silence was broken only by the wind whistling through ancient doorways and the occasional call of a desert bird.

8. Discover the Temple of Soleb

The Temple of Soleb, built by Pharaoh Amenhotep III in the 14th century BCE, is one of Sudan’s most impressive and well-preserved Egyptian temples. Located near the third cataract of the Nile, its columns and hieroglyphics remain remarkably intact.

Reaching Soleb requires some effort – it’s about 690 km north of Khartoum. The journey typically takes 2 days with an overnight stop, often in Dongola or Kerma. The reward is worth it: a magnificent temple without the crowds found at similar sites in Egypt.

Mistake I Made: On my first visit to Soleb in 2017, I failed to bring sufficient water, assuming we’d find somewhere to refill along the way. In the extreme heat, this was potentially dangerous. Always carry at least 3-4 liters per person per day when venturing to remote sites.

9. Experience Sudanese Hospitality with a Homestay

One of my most cherished memories from Sudan is staying with a Nubian family near Karima. This immersive cultural experience offered insights into daily life, traditional cooking, and customs that no hotel could provide.

Homestays can be arranged through:

• Local tour operators
• Community tourism initiatives
• Sometimes through personal connections made during your travels

Expect to pay around 30-50 USD per night including meals. Beyond the financial savings compared to hotels, the cultural richness of these experiences is invaluable.

Sustainability Tip: Homestays direct money straight to local families rather than international hotel chains, creating a more equitable form of tourism that benefits communities directly.

10. Hike in the Jebel Marra Mountains

Jebel Marra in Darfur is a stunning volcanic massif rising to over 3,000 meters. Its slopes feature terraced fields, small villages, and dramatic valleys. The centerpiece is Deriba Crater with its twin lakes – one freshwater, one alkaline.

Important: Due to the complex political situation in Darfur, access to Jebel Marra requires special permits and should only be attempted with experienced guides and current security information. As of early 2025, some areas have become more accessible, but conditions can change rapidly.

If security allows, a 3-day trek costs approximately 250-350 USD per person, including guide, food, and camping equipment.

11. Photograph the Rock Art of the Third Cataract

The area around Sudan’s Third Cataract features remarkable prehistoric rock art dating back thousands of years. Petroglyphs depicting cattle, wildlife, and human figures offer a window into ancient Nubian life.

Several sites are scattered throughout the region, with significant concentrations near:

• Sabu (east bank)
• Nuri (west bank)
• Areas surrounding Tombos

Many of these sites are unmarked and require a knowledgeable local guide to locate. Budget around 100 USD for a day trip with a guide who specializes in rock art sites.

I spent a fascinating day with a local archaeologist named Ibrahim who showed me petroglyphs that aren’t in any guidebook. The way he interpreted the scenes – pointing out hunting techniques and social hierarchies depicted in the simple carvings – brought ancient Nubia alive in ways I hadn’t expected.

12. Visit the Royal Necropolis at El-Kurru

El-Kurru contains the tombs of several Kushite kings including Tanwetamani, the last ruler of Egypt’s 25th dynasty. The highlight is an underground tomb with remarkably preserved wall paintings showing the deceased king in the presence of Egyptian gods.

The site is usually opened by a caretaker who will expect a tip of 500-700 SDG. Bring a good flashlight, as electricity is unreliable and the tomb interiors can be very dark.

13. Explore the Colorful Port City of Suakin

Suakin, once one of Africa’s most important ports, is now a haunting island of coral-built ruins. Its atmospheric old town tells the story of Sudan’s maritime history and connections to the Ottoman Empire, Egypt, and Arabia.

While much of old Suakin lies in ruins, recent restoration efforts have brought new life to parts of the historic core. The Ottoman-era mosque has been restored, and the old coral buildings cast beautiful shadows in the late afternoon light.

Suakin is approximately 50 km south of Port Sudan. Entry to the historical island costs 800 SDG, and guides can be hired at the entrance for around 1000 SDG.

Money-Saving Tip: Rather than staying in Port Sudan, I discovered that the basic but clean guesthouses in Suakin cost about half as much (around 30 USD per night). Plus, staying overnight allowed me to experience the island early in the morning before day-trippers arrived.

14. Witness Desert Wildlife at Dinder National Park

Dinder National Park, Sudan’s largest protected area, spans over 10,000 square kilometers of savanna near the Ethiopian border. The park is home to a surprising diversity of wildlife including lions, leopards, giraffes, and numerous bird species.

The best time to visit is during the dry season (December to April) when animals congregate around water sources. A 3-day safari costs approximately 300-400 USD, including transportation from Khartoum, accommodation in basic lodges, food, and guided game drives.

Insider Tip: While wildlife viewing isn’t as reliable as in East Africa’s more famous parks, the near absence of other tourists creates a sense of genuine wilderness exploration that’s increasingly rare. I spent three days in Dinder in January 2023 and saw only one other group of visitors.

15. Learn About Nubian Culture in Karima

Karima sits in the shadow of Jebel Barkal, a table mountain considered sacred since ancient times. Beyond the archaeological sites, the town offers an excellent window into contemporary Nubian culture.

Visit the local market to see Nubian handicrafts, try traditional foods at small local restaurants, and if possible, attend a Nubian musical performance featuring the distinctive rhythms of tar drums and kisir (Nubian lyre).

The Italian-run Nubian Rest Houses offers comfortable accommodation and can arrange cultural experiences with local families. Rooms cost around 60-80 USD per night.

Local Phrase: “Mashakel?” (مشاكل؟) literally means “problems?” but is often used as a friendly greeting that opens conversation.

16. Wander Through the Ruins of Nuri

Nuri contains the pyramids and royal tombs of many Kushite rulers, including King Taharqa. Though not as well-preserved as Meroe, the site has a quiet dignity that speaks to its significance as the final resting place of Nubia’s greatest kings.

The site is located about 15 km from Karima and can be visited on the same day as Jebel Barkal. The entrance fee is 600 SDG.

I found Nuri particularly atmospheric in the early morning when the light is gentle and the shadows long. The scattered stones, half-buried pyramids, and sense of peaceful abandonment create a powerful connection to Sudan’s ancient past.

17. Join a Nile River Cruise

While not as developed as Egypt’s Nile cruises, several operators now offer multi-day journeys on traditional boats between Khartoum and sites in northern Sudan. These cruises provide a unique perspective on the river that has shaped Sudanese civilization for millennia.

A typical 5-day cruise costs 800-1200 USD per person, including accommodation on board, meals, and guided excursions to archaeological sites along the route. Boats are simple but comfortable, usually accommodating 10-20 passengers.

Mistake I Made: During my 2022 Nile cruise, I packed as if I were going on a European river cruise with multiple outfit changes. The reality is much more casual and practical clothing is essential – quick-dry fabrics, sun protection, and comfortable shoes for shore excursions are all you need.

18. Shop for Unique Souvenirs in Omdurman Market

Omdurman Souq (market) is a labyrinth of narrow alleys filled with everything from spices and textiles to silver jewelry and traditional crafts. It’s an essential Sudanese experience and the perfect place to find meaningful souvenirs.

Look for:

• Jalabiyas (traditional Sudanese robes) – 1500-3000 SDG
• Leather goods – 800-2500 SDG for sandals or bags
• Spices, especially Sudanese peanut butter – 300-500 SDG
• Silver Nubian jewelry – 2000-5000 SDG depending on complexity
• Traditional wooden swords (for decoration) – 1000-2000 SDG

Haggling is expected but should be good-natured. Start at about 60-70% of the asking price and work toward a mutually agreeable figure.

Money-Saving Tip: Prices at Omdurman Market are typically 30-40% lower than in tourist shops in Khartoum. I’ve found the quality is often better too, as you’re buying directly from craftspeople rather than through middlemen.

19. Photograph the Iron Age Temples of Musawwarat es-Sufra

Musawwarat es-Sufra contains the remains of a major Kushite religious complex, including the Great Enclosure – a labyrinth of courtyards, passages, and temples whose exact purpose remains debated by archaeologists.

The site is located about 30 km from Meroe and can be visited in the same day. The entrance fee is 800 SDG. The site is particularly photogenic in the soft light of early morning or late afternoon.

Don’t miss the nearby Temple of Apedemak (Lion Temple), decorated with reliefs showing the lion-headed god and scenes of the Kushite royal family.

20. Visit the Ethnographic Museum in Khartoum

The Sudan National Museum of Ethnography in Khartoum provides context for the cultural diversity you’ll encounter throughout the country. Exhibits showcase traditional clothing, musical instruments, household items, and ceremonial objects from Sudan’s many ethnic groups.

The museum is located in central Khartoum near the Presidential Palace. The entrance fee is 500 SDG, and it’s open Saturday through Thursday from 8:30 AM to 3:00 PM.

I visited the museum at the beginning of my first trip to Sudan and found it provided invaluable context for everything I saw afterward. The curator noticed my interest and took time to explain the significance of several exhibits, including the traditional scarification patterns of various tribes and their contemporary relevance.

Conclusion: Your 5-Step Action Plan for Visiting Sudan in 2025

After numerous visits to Sudan, I can confidently say it remains one of travel’s great secrets – a destination that rewards the curious, the patient, and the adventurous. While political and economic challenges continue to affect the country, the monuments, landscapes, and people of Sudan offer experiences that are increasingly rare in our heavily-touristed world.

To make the most of your journey, here’s a practical 5-step action plan:

1. Start planning 3-4 months in advance – Begin visa applications early, research seasonal considerations, and book accommodations in major cities (especially Khartoum, where good options can fill quickly).
2. Connect with a trustworthy local operator – Even independent travelers benefit from local expertise for desert excursions and remote archaeological sites. I’ve had excellent experiences with Italian Tourism Co. and Sudan Travel Experience.
3. Prepare financially – Bring sufficient cash (crisp, new USD or EUR notes), organize your daily budget, and research current exchange rates before arrival.
4. Pack strategically – Focus on modest, lightweight clothing, essential medications (healthcare options are limited), a good camera with extra batteries, power banks, and a headlamp for unreliable electricity.
5. Approach with openness and patience – Sudan operates at its own pace. Embracing this, rather than fighting it, will transform potential frustrations into memorable experiences.

Sudan may not be an easy destination, but its rewards – standing alone among ancient pyramids, sharing tea with Nubian villagers as the sun sets over the Nile, or camping under desert stars – create the kind of travel memories that remain vivid long after more conventional destinations have faded from memory.

Frequently Asked Questions About Traveling to Sudan

Is Sudan safe for tourists in 2025?

Sudan’s safety situation varies significantly by region. As of 2025, most tourist areas in the northern and central regions are generally safe, while certain areas in Darfur, South Kordofan, and along the South Sudan border remain problematic. Always check your government’s latest travel advisories and consult with local tour operators about current conditions.

In my experience, crime targeting tourists is rare, and most Sudanese are extraordinarily hospitable toward visitors. The main risks come from political instability rather than criminal activity.

What should women travelers know before visiting Sudan?

Sudan is a conservative Muslim country where modest dress is expected. Women should wear loose-fitting clothes that cover shoulders, chest, and knees at minimum. In more conservative areas, covering arms to the wrist and legs to the ankle is appreciated.

While headscarves aren’t legally required for non-Muslim women, wearing one in religious sites and rural areas shows cultural respect. I’ve found that dressing modestly opens more doors for meaningful interaction with local women, who often become more comfortable and welcoming.

Can I drink alcohol in Sudan?

No. Sudan follows strict Islamic law regarding alcohol, which is completely prohibited. Don’t attempt to bring alcohol into the country – penalties can be severe. Instead, embrace the local alternatives like karkadeh (hibiscus tea) and jabana (Sudanese coffee with ginger and spices).

How reliable is the internet and mobile service?

As of 2025, mobile coverage is good in major cities and along main highways but can be non-existent in remote desert areas. Internet speeds have improved significantly since 2023, but are still slower than what you might be accustomed to.

I recommend purchasing a local SIM card (Zain or MTN) on arrival at Khartoum Airport. For about 2000 SDG (~$32 USD), you can get a SIM with a data package sufficient for a two-week visit.

What are the photography rules in Sudan?

Photography remains a sensitive issue in certain contexts. Always ask permission before photographing people, and never photograph military installations, bridges, government buildings, or airports.

Mistake I Made: During my second visit, I innocently photographed what I thought was just an interesting colonial-era building in Khartoum. It turned out to be a military facility, and I was detained for two uncomfortable hours while authorities reviewed and deleted my photos. Lesson learned – when in doubt, ask first!

How physically demanding is travel in Sudan?

Travel in Sudan can be challenging due to long distances, basic infrastructure, extreme heat, and limited services. Most archaeological sites require moderate walking over uneven terrain, often in high temperatures.

If you have mobility issues, discuss them with your tour operator in advance. Many sites can still be made accessible with proper planning, though some remote locations will remain challenging.

What should I eat in Sudan?

Sudanese cuisine is delicious and underrated. Don’t miss:

• Ful medames – Mashed fava beans with olive oil, lemon, and spices
• Gurasa – A spongy flatbread often served with stews
• Mullah – Meat and vegetable stews
• Shaya – Grilled meat with spices similar to kebabs
• Kisra – A thin fermented bread served with various sauces

Street food is generally safe in busier areas where turnover is high. I’ve eaten from street vendors throughout Sudan without issues, though I’m more cautious with raw vegetables and unpeeled fruits.

Do I need special permits to visit archaeological sites?

Most major archaeological sites require purchasing tickets on arrival, but don’t require advance permits. However, photography permits are needed if you plan to use professional equipment or drones. These must be arranged in advance through your tour operator or directly with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in Khartoum.

Some remote areas, particularly near borders, require travel permits that should be arranged before leaving Khartoum.

References and Further Reading

• Lonely Planet: Sudan – Comprehensive travel guide with practical information
• UNESCO World Heritage Centre: Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe – Detailed information about Sudan’s premier archaeological site
• Ethnologue: Languages of Sudan – Information about Sudan’s linguistic diversity
• The British Museum: Sudan Collection – Excellent resource for understanding Sudan’s ancient history
• Sudan Tribune – News source for current events in Sudan
• U.S. Department of State: Sudan Travel Advisory – Current safety information (check your own country’s equivalent)
• National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums – Official site for Sudan’s archaeological authority
• Embassy of the Republic of Sudan in Washington, D.C. – Information on visas and travel requirements
• Bradt Travel Guides: Sudan – The most comprehensive guidebook available for Sudan
• International Rivers: Merowe Dam – Information about the controversial dam project and its impact
• PBS NOVA: The Nubian Pharaohs – Excellent resource on Kush and its rulers
• Flickr: Images of Sudan – Photo collection showing Sudan’s landscapes and sites