Bulgaria Travel Insights: What I Wish I’d Known Before My First Visit
The first time I stepped off the plane at Sofia Airport, I was clutching a guidebook and a handful of leva notes I’d hastily exchanged at an awful rate. Within hours, I’d paid triple the normal taxi fare, been unable to read a restaurant menu, and found myself lost in a residential neighborhood with no Google Maps signal. Seven visits later, Bulgaria has become my second home, but those early mistakes taught me valuable lessons that I’m eager to share with you.
Bulgaria sits at a fascinating crossroads of Europe and Asia, blending Slavic, Ottoman, and Mediterranean influences into something uniquely Bulgarian. It offers incredible value for travelers while providing diverse experiences – from the cosmopolitan streets of Sofia to ancient historical sites, stunning Black Sea beaches, and dramatic mountain ranges.
Whether you’re planning your first visit or returning to explore more deeply, this comprehensive cheat sheet for 2025 covers everything from practical logistics to cultural insights only locals usually know about.
Essential Travel Information for Bulgaria
Visa Requirements and Entry Details
Bulgaria is part of the European Union but not yet in the Schengen Zone (though this is expected to change later in 2025). For now:
- EU citizens can enter with just an ID card
- US, UK, Canadian, and Australian travelers get visa-free access for 90 days
- Your passport should be valid for at least 3 months beyond your intended departure
- Bulgaria maintains separate immigration counters, so your time here doesn’t count against your Schengen allowance
Check the latest entry requirements on the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.
Currency and Money Matters
Bulgaria uses the Bulgarian Lev (BGN), which is pegged to the Euro at approximately 1.96 leva to 1 euro. Here’s what you need to know:
- Cash is still preferred in many places, especially outside major cities
- ATMs are widely available in towns and cities (avoid Euronet machines with their poor exchange rates)
- Credit cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants and larger stores
- Always withdraw/exchange money in larger amounts to minimize fees
- Tipping (10-15%) is increasingly expected in restaurants and for services
Money-Saving Insider Tip: Never exchange money at the airport or train stations. Instead, use bank ATMs in the city (like DSK or UniCredit) for the best rates. I saved nearly 15% on my last trip by following this advice.
When to Visit Bulgaria
Bulgaria has distinct seasons, each offering different experiences:
| Season | Months | Best For | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | April-June | Hiking, cultural exploration, fewer crowds | Variable weather, some mountain trails still snowy |
| Summer | July-August | Beach vacations, festivals, mountain activities | Crowded beaches, higher prices at coastal resorts |
| Autumn | September-October | Wine harvests, hiking, photography | Perfect weather, fewer tourists |
| Winter | December-March | Skiing, winter sports, Christmas markets | Some rural attractions closed, coastal towns quiet |
I’ve visited in every season, and autumn has become my favorite time for Bulgaria travel. The temperatures are pleasant, prices drop after the summer rush, and the changing colors in the mountains are spectacular.
Getting Around Bulgaria
Airport Arrivals and Transport
Most international visitors arrive at Sofia Airport (SOF), though there are seasonal flights to Varna and Burgas on the Black Sea coast. From Sofia Airport:
- Metro: The cheapest option (1.60 BGN) connecting to the city center in about 20 minutes
- Bus #84: Runs to the city center for the same price as the metro
- Official Taxis: Use the OK Supertrans taxi stand outside arrivals. Expect to pay 15-20 BGN to the city center
Avoid This Mistake: On my first visit, I took an unofficial taxi from the airport and paid 50 BGN for what should have been a 15 BGN ride. Always use the official taxi stand or pre-book through your hotel.
Domestic Transportation Options
Bulgaria’s transportation network is affordable but can be confusing:
Buses
Buses are the backbone of Bulgaria’s public transportation system. They’re generally reliable, comfortable, and extensive. For example, a Sofia to Plovdiv bus ticket costs around 14-18 BGN (€7-9) and takes about 2 hours.
Check schedules for major routes on Central Bus Station websites.
Trains
Bulgarian trains can be slow but are incredibly cheap and often scenic. A second-class ticket from Sofia to Plovdiv costs only about 9 BGN (€4.50). First-class is just a few leva more and worth the upgrade.
Check schedules on the Bulgarian State Railways website.
Car Rental
Renting a car offers maximum flexibility for exploring rural Bulgaria. Expect to pay from €25-40 per day depending on the season. International agencies and local companies like Top Rent A Car offer competitive rates.
Insider Tip: If you’re comfortable with manual transmission, request it specifically when booking. Automatic cars are less common and much more expensive in Bulgaria.
City Transport
In major cities:
- Single tickets cost 1.60 BGN in Sofia
- Day passes are available (Sofia: 4 BGN)
- Download the Moovit app for real-time public transport information
- Taxis should start at around 0.79-0.90 BGN/km
Bulgarian Language Essentials
Bulgarian uses the Cyrillic alphabet, which can be intimidating at first. While English is common among younger Bulgarians and in tourist areas, learning a few phrases goes a long way:
| English | Bulgarian (Phonetic) | Bulgarian (Cyrillic) |
|---|---|---|
| Hello | Zdraveyte | Здравейте |
| Thank you | Blagodarya | Благодаря |
| Yes/No | Da/Ne | Да/Не |
| Excuse me | Izvinete | Извинете |
| Cheers! | Nazdrave! | Наздраве! |
One confusing cultural difference: Bulgarians nod for “no” and shake their head for “yes” – the opposite of most countries! This has led to many amusing miscommunications during my stays.
Cultural Insight: When I first ordered a shopska salad in Bulgarian, the waitress was so delighted she brought me a complimentary rakija (fruit brandy). Making an effort with the language almost always leads to warmer interactions and sometimes unexpected perks!
Where to Stay in Bulgaria
Accommodation Types and Costs
Bulgaria offers excellent value accommodation across all budgets:
- Budget: Hostels (€10-15/night), guesthouses (€15-25/night)
- Mid-range: 3-star hotels (€30-60/night), Airbnbs (€25-50/night)
- Luxury: 5-star hotels (€80-150/night), boutique experiences (€70-120/night)
Money-Saving Hack: Book accommodation directly by email or phone after finding it online. Many Bulgarian hotels offer 10-15% discounts for direct bookings to avoid commission fees. I’ve used this trick to upgrade to sea view rooms at the same price as standard rooms on booking sites.
Recommended Areas to Stay
Sofia
Stay near the city center for easy access to main sights:
- Vitosha Boulevard area: Central, pedestrianized, numerous restaurants
- Doctor’s Garden/Crystal Garden: Quieter but still central, beautiful area
- Lozenets: Residential neighborhood with great dining options
Plovdiv
Bulgaria’s second-largest city and 2019 European Capital of Culture:
- Old Town: Atmospheric, historic, but hilly
- Kapana District: Creative neighborhood with cafes and arts
- Center: Convenient for the main pedestrian street
Black Sea Coast
Choose your coastal experience:
- Sozopol: Charming old town, more authentic experience
- Nessebar: UNESCO site with beautiful architecture
- Varna: Largest coastal city, good for longer stays
- Golden Sands/Sunny Beach: Resort areas with nightlife (but can be overcrowded)
Smart Traveler Tip: In beach resorts, prices for the exact same room can vary by up to 60% between peak season (July-August) and shoulder season (June or September). The weather is still excellent in September, but the crowds are gone and prices plummet.
Bulgarian Food and Drink Guide
Must-Try Traditional Dishes
Bulgarian cuisine blends Balkan and Mediterranean influences with unique local traditions:
- Shopska Salad (Шопска салата): The iconic Bulgarian dish of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, onions, and grated sirene cheese (5-8 BGN)
- Banitsa (Баница): Flaky pastry with cheese, usually eaten for breakfast (2-4 BGN)
- Kavarma (Каварма): Slow-cooked meat stew with vegetables served in a clay pot (10-15 BGN)
- Meshana Skara (Мешана скара): Mixed grill platter, perfect for sharing (20-30 BGN)
- Tarator (Таратор): Cold cucumber yogurt soup, perfect for hot summer days (3-5 BGN)
A typical meal in a traditional restaurant (механа/mehana) costs about 15-25 BGN per person, excluding drinks.
Foodie Insider Tip: The portions in Bulgaria are enormous! Consider ordering several appetizers to share rather than a main dish per person. My friends and I often order 4-5 starters for 3 people and are still too full for dessert.
Drinking Culture and Local Beverages
Bulgaria has a proud tradition of winemaking dating back thousands of years:
- Bulgarian Wines: Look for local varieties like Mavrud (red) and Dimiat (white). A good bottle in a restaurant costs 15-30 BGN
- Rakija (Ракия): Fruit brandy (usually grape, plum, or apricot) served as an aperitif (3-5 BGN per shot)
- Ayran (Айрян): Savory yogurt drink, perfect with heavy meals (2-3 BGN)
- Boza (Боза): Fermented grain drink with a unique sweet-sour taste (2-3 BGN)
When someone offers you homemade rakija, prepare yourself! It’s often much stronger than commercial versions (50-60% alcohol). As Bulgarians say: “Nazdrave!” (Cheers!)
Top Destinations in Bulgaria
Must-Visit Cities
Sofia
Bulgaria’s capital blends Roman ruins, Ottoman architecture, Socialist monuments, and modern buildings:
- Alexander Nevsky Cathedral: The iconic symbol of Sofia
- Vitosha Boulevard: Main pedestrian street with shops and restaurants
- National History Museum: Houses the spectacular Thracian gold treasures
- Women’s Market: Authentic produce market where locals shop
Plovdiv
One of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities:
- Old Town: Beautifully preserved 19th-century houses
- Ancient Roman Theater: Still used for performances today
- Kapana District: Creative neighborhood with street art
Veliko Tarnovo
The medieval capital of Bulgaria:
- Tsarevets Fortress: Imposing medieval citadel
- Samovodska Charshiya: Old crafts street
- Gurko Street: Picturesque street with traditional architecture
Natural Wonders
Seven Rila Lakes
A stunning group of glacial lakes in the Rila Mountains, accessible by chairlift and hiking trails. The full hike takes about 4-5 hours.
Belogradchik Rocks
Bizarre rock formations that seem otherworldly, combined with an ancient fortress.
Srebarna Nature Reserve
UNESCO-protected wetland sanctuary for rare birds on the Danube.
Personal Experience: The most magical moment of my travels in Bulgaria was watching the sunrise over the Seven Rila Lakes after hiking up in the dark. The mist slowly lifted from each lake as the sun rose, creating an ethereal landscape that changed minute by minute. Worth every second of the 4am wake-up call!
Hidden Gems Worth Discovering
- Melnik: Tiny wine town surrounded by dramatic sand pyramids
- Koprivshtitsa: Perfectly preserved 19th-century town that feels like a living museum
- Buzludzha Monument: Abandoned Soviet-era UFO-shaped monument on a remote mountaintop
- Sinemorets: Tranquil coastal village with pristine beaches near the Turkish border
Sustainability Tip That Saves Money: Many of Bulgaria’s best experiences are nature-based and completely free. Instead of paid attractions, explore hiking trails in the Rhodope Mountains or wild beaches along the Black Sea coast. You’ll avoid crowds, save money, and reduce your environmental impact simultaneously.
Practical Travel Tips for Bulgaria
Safety Information
Bulgaria is generally very safe for travelers, with low rates of violent crime. However:
- Watch for taxi scams (use Yellow or OK Supertrans in Sofia, or apps like TaxiMe)
- Be cautious with ATMs, especially in tourist areas (prefer bank ATMs)
- Keep valuables secure at beach resorts
- Use standard precautions in crowded areas and on public transport
The emergency number throughout Bulgaria is 112.
Internet and Connectivity
Bulgaria has excellent internet infrastructure:
- Free WiFi is ubiquitous in cafes, restaurants and public spaces
- Mobile data is inexpensive: a local SIM with 10GB costs about 15 BGN (€7.50)
- Major providers include A1, Telenor, and Vivacom
- EU roaming agreements apply for European visitors
Money-Saving Hack: If you’re traveling from outside the EU, pick up a prepaid Bulgarian SIM card at any mobile shop with your passport. The data prices are among the cheapest in Europe, and you’ll save a fortune compared to international roaming.
Cultural Etiquette
Understanding local customs will enhance your experience:
- Nodding and head-shaking: Bulgarians nod for “no” and shake their head for “yes” (the opposite of most countries)
- Greetings: Handshakes are common; close friends exchange kisses on the cheek
- Shoes: It’s customary to remove shoes when entering someone’s home
- Tipping: Becoming more expected in restaurants (10-15%) and for services
- Rakija invitations: If offered homemade rakija, it’s polite to at least sip it
Sustainable Tourism Practices
Help preserve Bulgaria’s natural and cultural heritage:
- Use public transportation or shared shuttles to popular sites like Rila Monastery
- Bring a reusable water bottle (tap water is safe to drink in most areas)
- Support family-run guesthouses and restaurants serving local products
- Stay on marked trails when hiking in protected areas
- Learn about and respect traditions in rural communities
Sustainable Tip That Saves Money: Bulgaria’s seasonal, local products are both eco-friendly and budget-friendly. Shopping at farmers’ markets costs about 30-40% less than supermarkets, reduces packaging waste, and guarantees fresher produce. The Women’s Market (Женски пазар/Zhenski Pazar) in Sofia is my go-to for affordable, delicious fruits and vegetables.
Seasonal Festivals and Events (2025)
Spring Celebrations
- Baba Marta Day (March 1): Exchange red and white martenitsa bracelets for luck
- Bulgarian Liberation Day (March 3): National holiday with ceremonies
- Easter: Major celebration with painted eggs and special bread (April 20, 2025)
- Rose Festival (late May/early June): Celebrations in the Valley of Roses
Summer Events
- Sofia Film Fest (June 2025): International cinema showcase
- Folklore Festivals: Various events throughout summer
- Spirit of Burgas (August): Beach music festival
- Plovdiv Summer Festival: Cultural performances in ancient venues
Autumn and Winter Highlights
- Independence Day (September 22): National holiday
- Wine Harvest Festivals (September-October): Celebrate in wine regions
- Surva Festival (January 2025): Kukeri masked celebrations
- Christmas Markets (December): Found in major cities
One of my most memorable experiences was stumbling upon a village nestupitsa (traditional dance) competition in the Rhodope Mountains. Locals in colorful costumes performed intricate dances while the air was filled with the scent of grilled kebapche and the sounds of gaida (bagpipe) music. These authentic cultural moments often happen in smaller towns and villages throughout the year.
Money-Saving Strategies for Bulgaria
Budget Travel Tips
Bulgaria is already affordable by European standards, but these insider tips will help stretch your budget further:
- Travel in shoulder season: May-June or September-October for 30-40% lower prices
- Eat where locals eat: Look for “работническо меню” (workers’ lunch menu) for cheap set meals (5-8 BGN)
- Use public transport: The metro in Sofia costs just 1.60 BGN per journey
- Free walking tours: Available in major cities (tip what you feel is appropriate)
- City Cards: Sofia Card and Varna Card offer free transport and museum access
- Student discounts: Always carry student ID if applicable for 50% off at many attractions
Insider Money-Saving Hack: For intercity travel, use the shared shuttle vans called “marshrutka” instead of trains or buses. They’re faster, depart when full, and often cost the same or less. For example, Sofia to Plovdiv costs about 14 BGN and takes just 1.5 hours compared to 2+ hours by train. Just ask your accommodation where the nearest marshrutka stop is.
Local Meal Hack: Many Bulgarian bakeries (сладкарница/sladkarnitsa) offer banitsa and other filling pastries for 1-3 BGN. This makes for an incredibly cheap breakfast or lunch on the go. My favorite combination is a cheese banitsa with boza or ayran drink for under 5 BGN total.
Accommodation Trick: In beach resorts, prices can drop by 50% just by staying 2-3 blocks back from the seafront. You’ll still only have a 5-10 minute walk to the beach but pay drastically less. I’ve used this strategy in Sozopol to stay in a lovely family guesthouse for 25€ instead of 60€ for beachfront hotels.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Learn from my errors so you don’t have to make them yourself:
- Nodding for yes, shaking for no: I accidentally agreed to a massive plate of offal when I thought I was declining it, forgetting the reversed head gestures!
- Underestimating distances: Bulgaria looks small on the map, but mountain roads are winding and slow. What seems like a short journey can take twice as long as expected.
- Missing reservations in peak season: I once arrived in Sozopol in August without a booking and spent hours finding accommodation at triple the normal price.
- Drinking rakija too quickly: This homemade fruit brandy is much stronger than it tastes. Sip slowly or regret it the next day!
These mistakes taught me valuable lessons about planning ahead, respecting local customs, and adapting my expectations.
Bringing It All Together: Your Bulgaria Action Plan
Having explored Bulgaria extensively over multiple trips, I’ve developed this 5-step action plan to help you make the most of your visit:
- Prepare essential phrases: Download a Bulgarian phrasebook app and practice basic greetings and thank yous. Even just “Здравейте” (hello) and “Благодаря” (thank you) will earn you smiles and better service.
- Build a balanced itinerary: Combine cities, nature, and coast depending on your interests and the season. Don’t try to see everything—3-4 destinations in 10 days is perfect.
- Pre-book accommodations: Especially important for summer coastal visits or winter ski trips. For other seasons, book at least your first 2-3 nights.
- Download offline maps and translation: Google Maps offline for your destinations and Google Translate with Bulgarian downloaded will be invaluable navigation tools.
- Connect with locals: Join Facebook groups like “Expats in Bulgaria” or use Couchsurfing meetups to get current tips and perhaps make local friends who can show you their favorite spots.
Bulgaria rewards the curious traveler who ventures beyond the obvious attractions. Some of my most cherished memories come from unexpected encounters: being invited to a village celebration, discovering a hidden beach by following locals, or finding a mountain hut serving homemade food after a long hike.
I’ve watched Bulgaria evolve over my seven visits since 2015, becoming more accessible while still maintaining its authentic charm and incredible value. Whether you’re drawn by the history, nature, food, or simply the adventure of exploring a less-traveled country, Bulgaria offers rich experiences that will stay with you long after you return home.
The greatest compliment I can give Bulgaria is that each visit leaves me planning my return. I hope this guide helps you discover your own reasons to fall in love with this remarkable country.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Bulgaria safe for tourists?
Yes, Bulgaria is generally very safe for tourists. Violent crime rates are low, and most visitors experience no issues beyond occasionally encountering minor tourist scams like overpriced taxis. Exercise normal precautions as you would in any European destination. The biggest hazards are typically related to rural driving conditions or hiking accidents in remote areas.
Do people speak English in Bulgaria?
English proficiency varies significantly. In major cities, tourist areas, and among younger Bulgarians (under 40), you’ll find reasonable to excellent English. In rural areas and among older generations, English is less common. Learning a few basic Bulgarian phrases goes a long way, and having a translation app is helpful for more complex communications.
What’s the best time to visit Bulgarian beaches?
The prime beach season runs from mid-June through early September, with July and August being the hottest, most crowded, and most expensive months. For the perfect balance of warm weather (still suitable for swimming), lower prices, and fewer crowds, target the first half of September when sea temperatures remain pleasant around 23-25°C (73-77°F).
How much money should I budget per day in Bulgaria?
Bulgaria is one of Europe’s most affordable destinations. Budgets vary by travel style, but general guidelines are:
- Budget: €30-50/day (hostel accommodation, public transport, inexpensive restaurants)
- Mid-range: €60-100/day (3-star hotels, some taxis, mix of restaurants)
- Luxury: €150+/day (4-5 star hotels, car rental, upscale dining)
Note that prices increase significantly at Black Sea resorts during summer and at ski resorts during winter.
Is Bulgaria in the EU and Eurozone?
Bulgaria is a member of the European Union (since 2007) but is not yet part of the Eurozone or Schengen Area. The currency is the Bulgarian Lev (BGN), which is pegged to the Euro at approximately 1.96 leva = 1 euro. As of 2025, Bulgaria is preparing for eventual Eurozone entry, but the lev remains the official currency.
Can I drink tap water in Bulgaria?
Yes, tap water is generally safe to drink throughout Bulgaria, particularly in major cities. In some rural areas or very old buildings, the water might be safe but have a mineral taste. If you’re particularly sensitive, bottled water is inexpensive (about 1 BGN for 1.5 liters), or bring a filtered water bottle.
What adaptors do I need for electrical outlets in Bulgaria?
Bulgaria uses the standard European two-pin round plug socket (Type C and Type F) with 220-240V electricity. Visitors from the UK, US, or other countries with different plug types will need an adaptor. If your devices are only compatible with 110V (some US appliances), you’ll also need a voltage converter.
Is Bulgaria good for vegetarians and vegans?
While traditional Bulgarian cuisine is meat-heavy, vegetarian options are increasingly available, especially in larger cities. Common vegetarian dishes include shopska salad, tarator soup, cheese-filled pastries like banitsa, bean soups, and grilled vegetables. Vegan options are more limited in traditional restaurants but specialized vegan restaurants exist in Sofia, Plovdiv, and some tourist areas.
References and Further Reading
- Official Tourism Portal of Bulgaria – Comprehensive information on destinations and events
- Lonely Planet Bulgaria – Reliable travel information and guides
- Sofia Adventures – Detailed blog with practical tips for Bulgaria travel
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Official source for visa information
- Bulgarian State Railways – Train schedules and tickets
- Central Bus Station – Bus routes and information
- Bulgarian National Radio (English service) – Current news and cultural information
- String Travel Bulgaria Blog – Personal experiences and off-the-beaten-path suggestions
- The Balkanistas – Insider tips from expats living in Bulgaria
- Bulgaria Wine Tours – Information on Bulgarian wine regions and varieties
- Free Sofia Tour – Popular free walking tours in the capital
- 12km – Hiking information and trail recommendations