Ah, Damascus – the city that whispers tales of millennia gone by! Did you know that this mesmerizing Syrian capital is often called the world’s oldest continuously inhabited city? That’s right, folks! With a history spanning over 11,000 years, Damascus is a treasure trove of culture, architecture, and unforgettable experiences. But fear not, intrepid traveler! This cheat sheet is your golden ticket to unlocking the secrets of this ancient metropolis. From navigating the labyrinthine souks to savoring mouth-watering Syrian delicacies, we’ve got you covered. So, grab your metaphorical magic carpet, and let’s embark on a journey through time in Damascus!
Why Visit Damascus?
Damascus, the capital of Syria, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Its rich history, vibrant culture, and warm hospitality make it a captivating destination for travelers seeking an authentic Middle Eastern experience.
I’ll never forget my first visit to Damascus. The moment I stepped into the Old City, I felt like I had been transported back in time. The narrow winding streets, ancient architecture, and bustling souks created an atmosphere unlike anything I’d experienced before.
Some compelling reasons to visit Damascus include:
- Exploring the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Old City
- Marveling at the Umayyad Mosque, one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world
- Immersing yourself in the lively atmosphere of traditional souks
- Experiencing the legendary Syrian hospitality
- Indulging in delicious Syrian cuisine
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Damascus is during the spring (March to May) or autumn (September to November) months. During these seasons, you’ll enjoy pleasant temperatures and minimal rainfall, making it ideal for exploring the city on foot.
I once visited in April, and the weather was absolutely perfect. The days were warm and sunny, perfect for wandering through the Old City, while the evenings were cool and comfortable for outdoor dining.
Here’s a quick overview of what to expect throughout the year:
| Season | Months | Temperature | Rainfall | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring | Mar-May | 15-25°C (59-77°F) | Low | Ideal weather, blooming flowers |
| Summer | Jun-Aug | 25-35°C (77-95°F) | Very low | Hot and dry, less crowded |
| Autumn | Sep-Nov | 15-25°C (59-77°F) | Low | Pleasant temperatures, harvest season |
| Winter | Dec-Feb | 5-15°C (41-59°F) | Moderate | Cool and occasionally rainy |
How Many Days is Enough to Visit?
I’d recommend spending at least 3-4 days in Damascus to fully appreciate its charm and history. This allows enough time to explore the main attractions, wander through the Old City, and soak in the local culture.
Here’s a sample 4-day itinerary:
- Day 1: Explore the Old City and its main attractions
- Day 2: Visit museums and historical sites
- Day 3: Experience local markets and cuisine
- Day 4: Take a day trip to nearby attractions like Maaloula or Bosra
Of course, if you have more time, you can always extend your stay to discover more hidden gems or take additional day trips to nearby sites.
How Affordable is It?
Damascus is generally quite affordable for travelers, especially compared to other Middle Eastern destinations like Dubai or Tel Aviv. Your daily budget will depend on your travel style, but here’s a rough estimate:
- Budget travelers: $30-50 per day
- Mid-range travelers: $50-100 per day
- Luxury travelers: $100+ per day
These estimates include accommodation, meals, local transportation, and some activities. Keep in mind that prices can vary depending on the season and current economic conditions.
During my visit, I was pleasantly surprised by how far my money went. I stayed in a charming guesthouse in the Old City, enjoyed delicious meals at local restaurants, and still had plenty left over for shopping and activities.
How to Get There
Getting to Damascus can be a bit tricky due to ongoing geopolitical situations. Always check the latest travel advisories before planning your trip. Here are some potential options:
- By Air: Damascus International Airport (DAM) is the main gateway to the city. However, international flights are limited due to sanctions.
- By Land: Overland travel from neighboring countries like Lebanon or Jordan is possible, but check border crossing regulations.
- Via Beirut: Many travelers fly to Beirut, Lebanon, and then take a bus or taxi to Damascus (about 4-5 hours).
When I visited, I flew to Beirut and took a shared taxi to Damascus. The journey was an adventure in itself, offering beautiful views of the Lebanese and Syrian countryside.
Navigating Damascus
Getting around Damascus is relatively easy, with several transportation options available:
- Walking: The Old City is best explored on foot. Its compact size makes it easy to navigate.
- Taxis: Yellow taxis are abundant and affordable. Always agree on a price before starting the journey.
- Buses: Public buses are cheap but can be crowded and confusing for tourists.
- Microbuses: These shared minivans run on set routes and are a popular local option.
I found walking to be the best way to explore the Old City. It allowed me to stumble upon hidden courtyards, local cafes, and charming alleyways that I might have missed otherwise.
Where to Stay (For Each Budget)
Damascus offers a range of accommodation options to suit every budget:
Budget Options
- Hostels: Al-Haramain Hostel, Damascus Hostel
- Budget Hotels: Al-Majed Hotel, Al-Khair Hotel
Mid-range Options
- Boutique Hotels: Beit Al Mamlouka, Beit Zaman
- Guesthouses: Beit Al Wali, Dar Al-Yasmin
Luxury Options
- 5-Star Hotels: Four Seasons Hotel Damascus, Sheraton Damascus Hotel
- Restored Mansions: Talisman Hotel, Beit Jabri
I stayed at Beit Al Wali, a beautifully restored traditional house in the Old City. The courtyard with its fountain and the rooftop terrace offering panoramic views of Damascus made it an unforgettable experience.
What to Do – Top 5 Things to Do by Day for Tourists
- Explore the Old City: Wander through the narrow streets, discover hidden courtyards, and soak in the atmosphere of one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities.
- Visit the Umayyad Mosque: This architectural marvel is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world. Don’t miss the tomb of Saladin and the shrine of John the Baptist.
- Shop in the Souks: Experience the vibrant atmosphere of traditional markets like Souk al-Hamidiyya. Haggle for spices, textiles, and handicrafts.
- Tour the National Museum: Discover Syria’s rich history through artifacts dating back to the Paleolithic era.
- Walk Along Straight Street: This Roman-era street, mentioned in the Bible, runs through the Old City and is lined with shops and historical buildings.
During my visit to the Umayyad Mosque, I was struck by its sheer size and beauty. The intricate mosaics, expansive courtyard, and the peaceful atmosphere despite the crowds left a lasting impression.
What to Do – Top 5 Things to Do by Night for Tourists
- Enjoy a Traditional Dinner: Savor Syrian cuisine at a restaurant in the Old City, like Naranj or Beit Jabri.
- Visit a Hammam: Experience a traditional bathhouse for relaxation and cleansing. Al-Malik al-Zahir hammam is a popular choice.
- Attend a Cultural Performance: Check out local theaters or cultural centers for traditional music or dance performances.
- Stroll Through Al-Buzuriyah Souq: This spice market is particularly atmospheric at night, with its twinkling lights and aromatic scents.
- Enjoy Shisha at a Cafe: Relax at a traditional cafe and try flavored tobacco in a water pipe, a popular local pastime.
One of my fondest memories is sitting on the rooftop of a cafe in the Old City, enjoying shisha and mint tea while watching the sun set over the city’s minarets and domes.
What to Eat
Syrian cuisine is a delight for food lovers. Here are some must-try dishes:
- Kibbeh: A mixture of bulgur, minced onions, and ground meat with Middle Eastern spices
- Fattoush: A fresh salad with toasted pita bread, vegetables, and a tangy dressing
- Shawarma: Thinly sliced meat cooked on a spit, served in pita bread
- Meze: A selection of small dishes served as appetizers
- Kunafa: A sweet cheese pastry soaked in sugar syrup
Don’t forget to try Syrian ice cream, known for its unique texture and flavors. And of course, no meal is complete without a cup of strong Arabic coffee or sweet mint tea.
Where to Shop (For Each Budget)
Damascus offers a variety of shopping experiences for all budgets:
Budget Shopping
- Souk al-Hamidiyya: The main covered market, great for souvenirs, textiles, and local products
- Midhat Pasha Souk: Another traditional market with a range of affordable goods
Mid-range Shopping
- Straight Street: Find antiques, handicrafts, and local art
- Bab Sharqi area: Home to several boutiques selling higher-quality goods
Luxury Shopping
- Salhiyeh Street: Modern shops and boutiques selling international brands
- Four Seasons Hotel shopping arcade: High-end local and international brands
During my shopping adventures, I found the most unique items in the small shops tucked away in the Old City’s alleyways. One shopkeeper even invited me for tea as we haggled over a beautiful inlaid wooden box.
Essential Sentences
Learning a few Arabic phrases can go a long way in Damascus. Here are some essential sentences:
- Hello: Marhaba (مرحبا)
- Thank you: Shukran (شكرا)
- Please: Min fadlak (من فضلك)
- Yes: Na’am (نعم)
- No: La (لا)
- How much?: Kam? (كم؟)
- Where is…?: Ayna…? (أين…؟)
- I don’t understand: La afham (لا أفهم)
- Do you speak English?: Hal tatakallam al-ingliziyya? (هل تتكلم الإنجليزية؟)
- Goodbye: Ma’a salama (مع السلامة)
Local Pro Tip
One of the best pieces of advice I received from a local was to visit the Tekkiye Mosque complex early in the morning. Not only is it less crowded, but the light at that time of day makes the Ottoman architecture even more stunning. Plus, you can enjoy a traditional breakfast at one of the nearby cafes afterward.
Another tip: Always accept if someone offers you tea or coffee. It’s a gesture of hospitality, and declining can be seen as rude. These small interactions often lead to the most memorable experiences and insights into local culture.
Is It Safe?
Safety in Damascus, and Syria in general, has been a concern in recent years due to political instability and conflict. However, the situation in Damascus has generally stabilized. That said, it’s crucial to:
- Check your government’s latest travel advisories before planning your trip
- Stay informed about the current situation
- Avoid discussing sensitive political topics
- Respect local customs and dress codes
- Stay in well-traveled, tourist-friendly areas
During my visit, I felt safe in the main tourist areas and the Old City. However, it’s always wise to exercise caution and be aware of your surroundings, just as you would in any unfamiliar city.
FAQ – Top 15 Questions
- Do I need a visa to visit Damascus?
Yes, most visitors need a visa. Check with the Syrian embassy in your country for the latest requirements. - What’s the local currency?
The Syrian Pound (SYP), but US dollars are often accepted in tourist areas. - Is English widely spoken?
English is not widely spoken, but you’ll find English speakers in tourist areas and hotels.
- What should women wear in Damascus?
Conservative dress is recommended. Cover shoulders and knees, and carry a scarf for visiting mosques. - Can I drink alcohol in Damascus?
Alcohol is available in some restaurants and hotels, but public drinking is not acceptable. - Is it safe to drink tap water?
It’s best to stick to bottled water.
- Are credit cards widely accepted?
Due to sanctions, international credit cards often don’t work. Bring enough cash for your stay. - What’s the best way to get around the city?
Walking is great for the Old City, while taxis are convenient for longer distances. - Is it okay to take photos?
Generally yes, but ask permission before photographing people or inside religious sites.
- What are the opening hours for shops and attractions?
Most shops open around 9 am and close by 7 pm. Many close for a few hours in the afternoon. - Is bargaining expected in the souks?
Yes, bargaining is common and expected in markets and small shops. - What’s the best area to stay in Damascus?
The Old City is atmospheric and convenient for sightseeing.
- Are there any day trips I can take from Damascus?
Yes, popular day trips include Maaloula, Bosra, and the Krak des Chevaliers. - Is it safe for solo female travelers?
While generally safe, solo female travelers should exercise caution and respect local customs. - What’s the internet situation like?
Wi-Fi is available in most hotels and some cafes, but connections can be slow.
Remember, Damascus is a city with a rich history and culture waiting to be explored. Despite the challenges it has faced, the warmth and hospitality of its people make it a truly unforgettable destination. Always travel responsibly and respect local customs for the best experience.
Conclusion
As we wrap up our Damascus travel cheat sheet, I hope you’re feeling ready to take on this incredible city with confidence and excitement! Remember, the key to truly experiencing Damascus is to embrace its rich history, engage with the warm-hearted locals, and keep an open mind. Whether you’re haggling in the bustling bazaars, marveling at ancient mosques, or indulging in delicious Syrian sweets, every moment in Damascus is an opportunity for discovery. So pack your bags, brush up on your Arabic greetings, and get ready for an adventure of a lifetime in Syria’s captivating capital. Damascus awaits – are you ready to answer its call?